C# Generics

C# Generics, a powerful feature introduced in C# 2.0, revolutionized the way developers write flexible and reusable code. Generics allow us to create classes and methods that can work with different data types, without sacrificing type safety. The magic lies in “type parameters,” which enable us to define placeholders for data types when creating generic components. Let’s delve into the world of C# Generics and see how they enhance code flexibility.

Generic classes provide the foundation for building reusable components that can handle various data types. By using type parameters, we can create a single class that adapts to different data types at runtime. Likewise, generic methods allow us to write algorithms that cater to multiple data types, saving us from writing redundant code.

Example: Generic Class

public void Push(T item)
{
items.Add(item);
}

public T Pop()
{
if (items.Count == 0)
throw new InvalidOperationException(“The stack is empty.”);
T item = items[items.Count – 1];
items.RemoveAt(items.Count – 1);
return item;
}
}
Example: Generic Method

Constraints enable us to exert control over the types that can be used with generics, ensuring that they meet specific requirements. We can use constraints to limit generic types to certain base classes, interfaces, or even value types. This ensures that the generic components only work with compatible data types, enhancing type safety and predictability.

Example: Using Constraints with Generic Methods

public interface IDbEntity
{
int Id { get; set; }
}