Debugging & Errors
Common Python Errors and How to Fix Them
The Python errors beginners hit most: SyntaxError, IndentationError, NameError, TypeError, ValueError, IndexError, KeyError and ModuleNotFoundError — each with a cause and a…
Debugging & Errors
Your code broke and you do not know why. These guides explain what error messages mean, how to read a stack trace, and what to check first.
15 guides
Debugging & Errors
How to Read Programming Errors (and Actually Fix Them)
Error messages are instructions, not insults. A repeatable method for reading any error, finding the real cause, and fixing it without guessing.
Debugging & Errors
Reading errors and stack traces (for beginners)
Error messages are instructions, not insults. Read the bottom line first, then the line above it, and most errors stop being frightening.
Related topics
Where to go next
Programming Basics
The ideas every language shares — variables, loops, functions and how a program actually runs.
17 guides
Python
Plain-English Python guides, from your first line of code to small programs that do real work.
72 guides
JavaScript
How JavaScript works in the browser, explained with short examples you can paste and run.
32 guides
Keep going — pick your next guide
The fastest way to improve is to read one guide, then build the thing it describes. Start with the basics, or jump straight to a project.