Python
Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) in Python
Classes, objects, inheritance and the dunder methods that make Python objects feel built in — plus dataclasses and when a function is…
Python
Plain-English Python guides, from installing it to writing small programs that do real work. Short examples you can copy, run and change.
56 guides
Python
How to Fix ModuleNotFoundError: No Module Named ‘IPython’
IPython is missing from the interpreter you are running. Here is the fix, including the capitalisation trap and the Jupyter kernel mismatch…
Python
Python is vs ==: When to Use Which
== asks whether two values are equal; is asks whether they are the same object. Use is only for None, True, False…
Python
Fixing “TypeError: object is not callable” in Python (Including list is not callable)
You put call brackets after something that is not a function. The type in the message names it. The usual cause is…
Python
Fixing “TypeError: object is not subscriptable” in Python
You used square brackets on something that does not support them: an int, a None, a function, a method you forgot to…
Python
pip Not Working After Upgrading to Python 3.14
Installed Python 3.14 and now pip is missing, points at the old version, or fails to install packages? The three causes, the…
Python
How to Import from the Parent Directory in Python
Four ways to import a module from a parent folder, why sys.path.append is the worst of them, and the editable install that…
Python
How to Convert a Python Dictionary to YAML
Convert a dict to YAML with PyYAML, control the formatting, handle nested data and Unicode, and load YAML back safely.
Python
Quick Fixes for Python EOL While Scanning String Literal
This SyntaxError means a quote was opened and never closed. Here are the five causes — including the backslash trap on Windows…
Python
The Python Standard Library
The modules that come with Python and are worth knowing: pathlib, json, csv, datetime, collections, itertools, re, argparse and more, each with…
Python
ModuleNotFoundError: No Module Named ‘_lzma’
This means Python was built without the LZMA compression library. Here is how to fix it on Linux, macOS and with pyenv,…
Python
Cleaning Python Strings: Removing Punctuation
Four ways to strip punctuation from a string in Python, which is fastest, and how to handle apostrophes, hyphens and non-English text…
Related topics
Where to go next
Programming Basics
The ideas every language shares — variables, loops, functions and how a program actually runs.
16 guides
JavaScript
How JavaScript works in the browser, explained with short examples you can paste and run.
23 guides
Web Development
HTML, CSS and the pieces that turn code into a page people can visit.
10 guides
Keep going — pick your next guide
The fastest way to improve is to read one guide, then build the thing it describes. Start with the basics, or jump straight to a project.