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$349.99 (as of December 4, 2024 20:35 GMT +00:00 - More infoProduct prices and availability are accurate as of the date/time indicated and are subject to change. Any price and availability information displayed on [relevant Amazon Site(s), as applicable] at the time of purchase will apply to the purchase of this product.)In Python, you can redirect input to come from a file rather than just typed input by the user. This allows you to feed data into your program from a file on disk rather than manual input.
Redirecting file input to stdin is useful for:
- Automating input into Python scripts
- Running batch operations
- Loading structured data from files
- Isolating input dependencies for testing
Python makes redirecting file input to stdin easy once you understand the relevant classes and functions involved:
Python’s Standard Input Stream
The standard input stream in Python, stdin
, is what receives input data by default, like from input()
or console input. This allows a user to dynamically provide input to your script.
Under the hood, stdin
is a file-like object that reads from the keyboard input buffer. But you can swap out where it reads from to any file by redirecting stdin.
The sys Module
Python’s sys
module contains attributes for accessing standard streams like stdin
, stdout
and stderr
.
To redirect stdin input to a file, you need to import sys and access the stdin
attribute:
import sys
input_stream = sys.stdin
JavaScriptNow input_stream
represents the stdin file object you can redirect.
Opening the File to Redirect
To redirect a file’s contents to stdin, first open the file using Python’s built-in open()
function:
file = open('data.txt')
JavaScriptThis opens data.txt for reading input.
Redirecting the File to sys.stdin
Pass the opened file object to sys.stdin
using:
sys.stdin = file
JavaScriptNow any input read from stdin
will come from data.txt
instead of manual input!
Reading from the Redirected Stdin
With the redirection set up, you can read lines using .readline()
as if from a user:
print(sys.stdin.readline())
JavaScriptThis will print the first line of data.txt
.
For automated batch processing, you can iterate over all lines:
for line in sys.stdin:
print(line)
# Process line
JavaScriptThis lets you transparently process file input as if it were manual input to your Python program.
Resetting Standard Input
To revert stdin to keyboard input, you can close the file and reset sys.stdin
:
file.close()
sys.stdin = sys.__stdin__
JavaScriptNow stdin is restored for interactive user input.
Full Example Code
Here is complete code to demonstrate file input redirection in Python:
import sys
print('Stdin before:', sys.stdin)
file = open('data.txt')
print('Redirecting file to stdin')
sys.stdin = file
print('Stdin after:', sys.stdin)
print(sys.stdin.readline())
for line in sys.stdin:
print(line)
print('Closing file and resetting stdin')
file.close()
sys.stdin = sys.__stdin__
print('Stdin after reset:', sys.stdin)
print('Type some manual input:')
manual_input = input() # Now from keyboard again
JavaScriptThis shows the full process of redirecting a file to stdin, reading the redirected input, then resetting it back to normal.
Key Takeaways
The key points to remember about redirecting input from a file to stdin in Python are:
- Import sys to access stdin for redirection
- Open the file with
open()
in read mode - Redirect using
sys.stdin = file_object
- Read redirected input with
sys.stdin
- Reset stdin using
sys.stdin = sys.__stdin__
after
Redirecting file input to stdin is extremely useful for automating Python scripts and decoupling input sources from code. Master input redirection in Python to write flexible, batchable programs ready for real-world data pipelines.